Oral history: Emeritus Professor Nancy Millis
About Nancy Millis
Nancy Millis didn’t set out to become a scientist. During the Second World War, she worked for CSIRO testing the strength of different types of wood for aircraft construction. This experience led her to study agricultural science, where she developed an interest in botany and microbiology.
Her PhD research focused on cider fermentation. She investigated why and how certain bacteria caused cider to spoil. Millis discovered that a type of bacteria, similar to yeast, released chemicals that altered the taste of the cider.
With her expertise in bacterial processes, along with extensive work in environmental and wastewater management, Millis became a leading figure in industrial microbiology and wastewater treatment.
Key terms:
- fermentation
- anaerobic
- rational thinking
- microbiology
- nitrogen

Damian McDonald, Portrait of Nancy Millis, 1999, nla.gov.au/nla.obj-144499251
Damian McDonald, Portrait of Nancy Millis, 1999, nla.gov.au/nla.obj-144499251
Listen to Emeritus Professor Nancy Millis
Emeritus Professor Nancy Millis talks about the importance her parents placed on education.
Emeritus Professor Nancy Millis talks about her education, rational thinking and why it is healthy to be critical of machines.
Emeritus Professor Nancy Millis talks about how she became interested in the study of bacteria and fermentation.
Emeritus Professor Nancy Millis talks about the British cider industry and her work with bacteria. Millis talks about the scientific process and transfer of knowledge from her previous studies.
Emeritus Professor Nancy Millis discusses the beginnings of environmental awareness in Australia and the study of waste water management.
Emeritus Professor Nancy Millis the findings of the Port Phillip Bay study and the science behind the findings.