Explorers | National Library of Australia (NLA)

Explorers

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A man standing on a snowy plain, in front of tents, sledges with scientific equipment, scientists and sled dogs. A large rocky outcrop looms in the background. 

Phillip Law, Field Camp on a Dog Trip, 1965, nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn2062582

2025 Appeal: Antarctica Collections

Help us map our nation’s journey in Antarctica by donating to our 2025 Appeal.

Engraved portrait of James Cook in an 18th-century naval uniform, featuring a high-collared coat with buttons and light-coloured waistcoat. The illustration includes a small scene below showing a group of people interacting near the shore.

J. Chapman sculpsit, Captain Cook [picture], nla.gov.au/nla.obj-240952710

The legend and legacy of James Cook

Module

Explore the historical impact and legacy of James Cook's voyages in this learning module.

Digital Classroom
Painting of three large ships at sea, with two firing cannons at each other

El Castor contra la fragata de Henry cerca de la isla Puna, Museo Naval, Madrid (MNM), Cuartel General de la Armada

Privateers and piracy in the Pacific

Maritime historian Chris Maxworthy explored early interactions of colonial Australia with Peru and Chile (1788-1810).

Event
Video
Digital Classroom: Teaching resources
First contacts

Module

Explore the themes of discovery, cultural encounters, and the European settlement of Australia. 

Digital Classroom
First Australians
Two people at the bottom of Mount Townsend with flowers on the ground and rocks up the mountain

Frank Hurley, Mt Townshend with flowers in foreground [Kosciuszko, New South Wales], 1910, nla.obj-159969111

Researching 'Townsend of the Ranges'

Hear from Peter Crowley about his research for his debut book about surveyor Thomas Scott Townsend.

Blog
A large book open at a midway point. The paper is yellowed and stained. The writing is written in highly decorative cursive. The book is being held open on a stand which sits atop a richly varnished cabinet with draws and a fold out desk surface.

Cook, James, 1728-1779 & Hutchinson, John & Wallis, Samuel, 1728-1795 & Bolckow, Henry William Ferdinand, 1806-1878. (1768). Journal of H.M.S. Endeeavour, 1768-1771 [manuscript], nla.gov.au/nla.obj-228958440

Captain Cook's Endeavour Journal

While Captain Cook's journal from the H.M.S. Endeavour is often on display in the Library's Treasures Gallery, it is currently not on display to allow rest and treatment for the long term preservation of the item.

Research guide
An old map of Antarctica from 1842.
The first Russian Antarctic expedition in 1819-21

The Library has recently acquired a journal recording the first Russian Antarctic expedition in 1819-21.

News article
Painting of five men, thought to be Dr Daniel Solander, Sir Joseph Banks, Captain James Cook, Dr John Hawkesworth, Lord Sandwich.

John Hamilton Mortimer, (1771), [Captain James Cook, Sir Joseph Banks, Lord Sandwich, Dr Daniel Solander and Dr John Hawkesworth], nla.gov.au/nla.obj-135646842

Science and strategy: The Enlightenment

Module

This resource is aligned with the Australian Curriculum: Modern History for Senior Secondary students, with specific reference to content descriptions for Unit 1: Understanding the Modern World, and specifically those that fall under the topic elective ‘The Enlightenment (1750–1789)’.

Digital Classroom
illustration of man walking with magnifying glass and drawing of a Australian flora

The botanic Macaroni, 1772, nla.gov.au/nla.obj-135987238

Science

Topic

During the Enlightenment, social and scientific thinking began to change. Enlightenment thinkers pushed for social change through the separation of church and state and the establishment of constitutional government. 

Digital Classroom
painting of many indigenous people interacting with Cook

Antoine Phelippeaux and Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur, Tableau des decouvertes du Capne. Cook & de la Perouse, 1798, nla.gov.au/nla.obj-135227083

An enlightened world

Topic

The British colonisation of the Americas began in 1606 with the chartering of the Colony of Virginia.

Digital Classroom
etching of the Endeavour in  Botany Bay

Geoffrey Chapman Ingleton, H.M. Bark Endeavour, 1937, nla.gov.au/nla.obj-135348965

Voyages of discovery

Topic

For centuries, explorers had been funded by their governments and by private investors to set out into unknown parts of the world. Many of these adventures were driven by the potential for profit and resources.

Digital Classroom
watercolour reproduction of pacific island

William Hodges, Otaheite, 1773, nla.gov.au/nla.obj-135152176

Transit of Venus

Topic

Officially, Cook had been instructed by the British Admiralty to observe the transit of Venus, at Otaheiti (now Tahiti) for the benefit of the Royal Society.

Digital Classroom

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