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Europe

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Collection guide
Valente Collection

Around 6,000 books, mostly in Portuguese, mostly relating to literature, history and religion among many other topics.

Collection guide
Collection guide
Mathews Collection

About 5000 books, pamphlets, reprints and journals published 1760-1940 in English, French, German, Italian and Russian. They relate to all aspects of ornithology in all parts of the world, with a special focus on Australian birds.

Collection guide
Katherine Parr’s handwriting and signature in a copy of A Sermon of Saint Chrysostom

Katherine Parr’s handwriting and signature in a copy of A Sermon of Saint Chrysostom (1542). Image by permission of Sudeley Castle, Winchcombe.

Gorgeous books and royal annotations

We stepped into the private libraries of one of history’s most infamous royal couples and discovered how ink, margins, and manuscript flourishes reveal more than meets the eye.

Event
Video
A detail of an old handwritten document

Illuminated Psalter, 1330-1350 [manuscript], Detail from (1330), nla.gov.au/nla.obj-182166477

Documentary evidence

Topic

For most of human history beyond living memory, the main way we know what life was like during the Medieval period is from documentary evidence that remains available to us.

Digital Classroom
A large very ornate illuminated letter 'O'. The letter is drawn in gold (the original is guilded and shiny, the digital copy is matt). Surrounding the letter are columns of blue and pink. Leaves and fronds decorate the top and bottom. Within the middle of the "O" is a figure in a blue and red robe riding a white horse. He has a halo on his head. He is leaning off of his horse to drape his red cloak over a naked man walking alongside his horse. The men are looking at each other.

Early Flemish, German, Italian, Spanish, French woodcuts. /Item PIC/14340/41, ([14--?]), nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2902124787

Illuminating the dark

Topic

As time progressed, the number of people who could read did begin to increase, as some countries began to increase the emphasis on educating their people to basic levels.

Digital Classroom
A page one which all the letters of the English alphabet are printed in capital letters. They are printed by type setting.

PIC MSR 14/8/2 #PIC/14340/1-51-Early Flemish, German, Italian, Spanish, French woodcuts. /Item PIC/14340/40., nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2902124765

The press

Topic

Since ancient times, most documents were written by hand. If multiple copies were needed, it would mean making multiple handwritten copies; even with a team of scribes, this was time consuming. It also meant that information could be difficult to read, depending how good a scribe’s handwriting was.

Digital Classroom
A colourful image of a feast. Men and women are dressed in colourful clothes. There is a table with a white tablecloth. There is a plate of food on the table.

PIC MSR 14/8/2 #PIC/14340/1-51-Early Flemish, German, Italian, Spanish, French woodcuts, nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2902124119

Medium Aevum - The Middle Age

Module

This resource is aligned to the Australian Curriculum: History for Year 8 students. It adopts an inquiry learning approach that develops students’ skills in investigating the Medieval Europe and the early modern world sub-strand. 

Digital Classroom
A colourful drawn map of the 'ancient world'. The territory of the Roman Empire is shaded in yellow. Inset around the map and border are depictions of people and cultures around the map.

Ellis Luciano Silas and Evans Brothers Ltd, A picture map of the ancient world / specially painted by Ellis Silas, 1939, nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2378561352

Imperium Romanum - The Roman Empire

Topic

Throughout human history, societies have grown, matured, and then collapsed, making way for new innovations, people and philosophies to begin the cycle again, building on what came before. The history of Medieval Europe is no different: it has its roots in the collapse of the western Roman Empire in 456 CE.

Digital Classroom
A print of a woman within an oval frame. She is wearing an elaborate ruffled collar and dress. She is wearing a crown. Below her portrait are words in Latin: 'Elizabetha D.G. Regina Ang: Fran: et Hib.'

Elizabetha D.G. Regina Ang. Fran. et Hib., 1600, nla.gov.au/nla.obj-136050723

Bound to service

Topic

Following the collapse of the western Roman Empire, Europe entered a period of cultural, political and economic change. The stabilising force of the Roman Empire gave way and new states and rulers stepped in to fill gaps.

Digital Classroom
Collection guide
Zwalf Collection

Over 530 pamphlets collected by Meyer (Max) Zwalf on socialism and related subjects published in Europe from 1875 to 1950.

Collection guide
Collection guide
Zimmerman Collection

About 600 books and 66 serials, mainly relating to entomology and the natural sciences. Includes works on British entomology as well as Europe, North and South America. About one-third were published in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Collection guide
Three leatherbound diaries from the nineteenth century, one open showing neat handwriting
Starting a new life in Australia: Nineteenth century diaries of migrants from the United Kingdom

Explore handwritten diaries that can now be read online.

Blog

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